| 周涛,李娜,许敏,王清川,张湘涵.基于多源资料的一次暖区暴雨水汽特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2022,16(5):62~69 |
| 基于多源资料的一次暖区暴雨水汽特征分析 |
| Analysis of Water Vapor Characteristics of a Rainstorm in Warm Region Based on Multi-source Data |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-11 修订日期：2022-02-17 |
| DOI：10.12057/j.issn.1002-0799.2022.05.009 |
| 中文关键词: 暖区暴雨 HYSPLIT模式 微波辐射计 水汽特征 |
| 英文关键词:warm-sector rainstorm HYSPLIT microwave radiometer water vapor characteristics |
| 基金项目:中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2020-012)；河北省气象局面上项目(21ky21)；廊坊市气象局预报员专项(2021-02) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP逐6 h再分析资料（1°×1°）、微波辐射计资料以及HYSPLIT模式等，对2021年7月5日冀中平原一次暖区暴雨过程的水汽输送特征进行对比分析。结果表明：应用HYSPLIT模式模拟分析后发现，本次过程中925 hPa和850 hPa降水开始前比湿在12 g/kg以上，是暴雨区的主要水汽贡献者，其主要水汽通道为西南路径，水汽贡献率分别占57.57%和63.64%。源自黄海或途径黄海、渤海等地的气块在东南转西南气流的引导下为暴雨区低层带来丰富的水汽，同时源自亚欧大陆中高层的气块，随着西风带长波槽脊的运动，为暴雨区上空500 hPa带来干空气，构成上干下湿的不稳定层结。降水开始前，925 hPa和850 hPa在相应引导气流的作用下，水汽不断向冀中平原输送，使得优良的水汽条件主要集中于低层大气，与HYSPLIT模式模拟结果一致。通过微波辐射计对降雨过程的水汽特征进行分析，结果表明在降雨开始前，700 hPa以下高度的水汽含量有明显增加，水汽密度最大达到14 g/m3。分析上述三种不同资料得到相似结论，但HYSPLIT模式和微波辐射计两种高时空分辨率资料的应用，可以及时且多方位分析水汽特征，为暖区暴雨落区、强度等精细化准确预报预警提供一定参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using conventional meteorological observation data, NCEP 6-hour reanalysis data (1°×1°), microwave radiometer data, and HYSPLIT model, the characteristics of water vapor transport during a heavy rain in a warm zone of Jizhong Plain on July 5, 2021 have been comparatively analysed. The results show that after applying the HYSPLIT model simulation analysis, the specific humidity of 925 hPa and 850 hPa before the onset of precipitation in this process is above 12 g/kg, which is the main water vapor contributor in the rainstorm area, and the main water vapor channel is the southwest route, the contribution rate of water vapor accounted for 57.57% and 63.64% respectively. The air masses originating from the Yellow Sea or passing through the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, etc, under the guidance of the southeast turning southwest airflow, bring rich water vapor to the lower layers of the rainstorm area. At the same time, the air masses originating from the middle and high levels of the Eurasian continent, along with the movement of the long wave troughs and ridges in the westerly zone, bring dry air to 500hPa over the rainstorm area, which constitutes an unstable stratification of upper dry and lower wet. Before the start of precipitation, under the action of the corresponding guiding airflow at 925 hPa and 850 hPa, water vapor was continuously transported to the central Jizhong Plain, so that the excellent water vapor conditions were mainly concentrated in the lower atmosphere, which was consistent with the simulation results of the HYSPLIT model.. The water vapor characteristics which were analyzed by microwave radiometer, show that the water vapor content at altitudes below 700 hPa increased significantly before the rain began, and the maximum water vapor density reached 14 g/m3. Analyzing the above three different data to get similar conclusions, but the application of the two high-temporal-spatial-resolution data of HYSPLIT mode and microwave radiometer can analyze the water vapor characteristics in a more timely and detailed manner, and provide accurate forecasts and warnings for rainstorms in warm areas and intensity. |
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