| 曹玲,徐士琦,杨雪艳,刘柏鑫,王航,房一禾,谷佳桐.夏季东北冷涡气候特征对吉林省大豆生育期的影响[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2022,16(5):135~143 |
| 夏季东北冷涡气候特征对吉林省大豆生育期的影响 |
| Climate Characteristics of Northeast Cold Vortex during Summer and its Influence on Soybean Growth Period in Jilin Province |
| 投稿时间：2021-06-01 修订日期：2021-10-17 |
| DOI：10.12057/j.issn.1002-0799.2022.05.018 |
| 中文关键词: 东北冷涡 气候特征 大豆 生育期 吉林省 |
| 英文关键词:northeast cold vortex climate characteristics soybean growth period jilin province |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41975101,42005037），中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目（CMAGJ2013Z03），中国气象局创新发展专项（CXFZ2021J022），中国气象局大气环境研究所研究项目（2020SYIAE08），吉林省气象局科研课题项目（201711） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，国家气候中心160站月平均气温和降水资料，以及吉林省大豆生育期资料，从对农作物生育期天气气候有重要影响的东北冷涡活动入手，统计1981-2018年夏季（5-9月）东北冷涡活动气候学特征，初步分析吉林省大豆近年来生育期情况及其对东北冷涡活动的响应。结果表明：东北冷涡是一个持续时间较长且较为频繁的系统，平均寿命5d左右，夏季（5-9月）冷涡活动占比三分之一以上，主要活动集中在120-125°E、45-50°N区域；冷涡活动6月最多、8月最少。中涡对东北地区环流影响最显著，有利于鄂霍次克海地区高度场增强，中高纬度环流经向特征明显，偏北冷空气向南输送；东北地区高度场以负距平为主，有利于北太平洋气流向东北地区输送。东北冷涡天数偏多时，吉林省大豆播种-开花期气温偏低、降水偏多、生育期间隔天数延长。从平均气温影响看，播种-出苗期榆树主要受北涡影响，延吉主要受中涡影响；出苗-开花期延吉同时受北涡和中涡影响；出苗-开花期的间隔日数，榆树和桦甸主要受北涡影响。此外，榆树和延吉的降水量在播种-出苗期间主要受中涡影响，出苗-开花期间主要受北涡影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, monthly average temperature and precipitation data from 160 stations of the National Climate Center, and soybean reproductive period data from Jilin Province, the climate characteristics of the northeast cold vortex, which has an important influence on the weather and climate of the crop reproductive period, were calculated from May to September 1981—2018, and the preliminary analysis of soybean in Jilin Province was carried out. The results show that the northeast cold vortex is a long-lived and frequent system with an average lifetime of 5 d. In summer (May-September), it accounts for more than one-third of the total, occurring mainly in the range of 115～130°E and 40～55°N; the cold vortex is most frequent in June and least in August. The mid-vortex has the most significant influence on the circulation in the Northeast China, which is beneficial to height field in the Okhotsk Sea region enhanced, the atmospheric circulation in the middle and high latitudes is longitudinal, and cold air is transported from north to south; most of the Northeast China is covered by negative anomaly height field, which is beneficial to the transport of air from the North Pacific to the Northeast China. When the northeast cold vortex days increase, it is beneficial for lower temperature, more precipitation, and longer days between soybean growth periods in Jilin Province. The average temperature during the seeding-sowing period is mainly influenced by the northern vortex in Yushu and the central vortex in Yanji; the average temperature during the seeding-flowering period is influenced by both the northern vortex and the central vortex in Yanji; the number of days between seeding and flowering is mainly influenced by the northern vortex in Yushu and Huadian. In addition, the precipitation in Yushu and Yanji is mainly influenced by the central eddies during the seeding-sowing period and by the northern eddies during the seeding-flowering period. |
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